Buckling Analysis

• Structural steel: S235, S275, S355, S450
• Annealed steel (S275N – S460N)
• Thermo-steel (S275M – S460M)
• Weathering steel (S235W – S355W)
• High-temperature steel (S460Q – S460QL1)
• Hollow section, hot-finished (S235H – S355H)
• Hollow section, hot-finished, fine-grain (S275NH – S460NH)
• User-defined steel

• Braced and unbraced rectangular plates

Cross-sections:

• Plate with constant thickness t
• Arrangement of any number of horizontal and vertical buckling stiffeners (flat steel arranged centrically or eccentrically, angular bracing, T-bracing and trapezoidal bracing)

Supports:

The supporting conditions at the four plate edges are freely selectable. The user can define the plate edges as being free, pinned or restrained.

PLII+ allows the calculation of any number of load cases within the same item, including the following types of loads:

1. Identical trapezoidal line loads applying opposite to each other at the transverse edges
2. Identical trapezoidal line loads applying opposite to each other at the longitudinal edges
3. Two concentrated loads (e.g. wheel loads from crane operation) applying at the upper edge of the area under buckling stress
4. A freely definable reaction force applying at the bottom edge of the area under buckling stress, e.g. supporting force from a bearing corbel
5. Constant circumferential edge shear load

The loading described in items 3 and 4 allows the user to map also variable bending and shear stress distributions in the area under buckling stress by calculating the plate loading on a cantilever or a single- or double-span beam pinned on two sides.

The PLII+ program performs structural safety verifications as per EN 1993-1-5, section 10 (method of reduced stresses) and takes the regulations of the National Annexes into account. Besides the verification of the structural safety, the user can merely calculate the buckling load factors and buckling coefficients in accordance with the linear buckling theory. The calculation of the area under buckling stress is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) in this analysis.

All examinations, including the calculation of the ideal buckling values, are performed on the entire area under buckling stress and include discrete longitudinal and transverse stiffeners. The effect of the stiffeners on the buckling behaviour is taken into account in all of these examinations. Therefore, verifications for an individual or partial area under buckling stress or an additional verification of the minimum stiffness of stiffeners can be dispensed with. Buckling on a member that behaves like an Eulerian column can also be considered for the entire braced area under buckling stress, if applicable.

• PDF
• Word
• Printer

Output profiles:

• User-defined output scope (tables and graphics)

Result graphics:

• System graphic
• FE mesh
• Load graphics
• Buckling mode
• Graphic showing the equivalent stress

• ASCII-file

• Word
• PDF
• ASCII-file

• EN 1993-1-5
• DIN EN 1993-1-5
• ÖNORM EN 1993-1-5
• BS EN 1993-1-5
• DIN 18800